In other words, history demonstrates it has always made sense to replace a tooth with an implant, with the approximate shape of a tooth. Incas from Central America around 600 ad took pieces of sea shells and, similar to the ancient Chinese, tapped them into the bone to replace missing teeth 5 ( Figure 2-1). ![]() ![]() A skull was found in Europe with a ferrous metal tooth inserted into a skull with a tooth peg design that dated back to the time of Christ. The Egyptians used precious metals with a similar peg design 2000 years ago. For example, 4000 years ago the Chinese carved bamboo sticks in the shape of pegs and drove them into the bone for fixed tooth replacement. Root form implant history dates back thousands of years and included ancient civilizations. Implant dentistry is the second oldest discipline in dentistry (oral surgery is the oldest). 3, 4 Today an endosteal implant in the shape of a single rooted tooth is the design most often used in the restoration of partial or complete edentulous patients. Many endosteal implant designs have been used in the past, including tapered pegs, pin shapes, and plate forms. However, endosteal, periosteal, and transosteal are preferred. ![]() The term endosseous is also used in the literature, and because the term osseous also indicates bone, either term is acceptable. 1 The prefix endo means “within,” and osteal means “bone.” 2 The major subcategory of endosteal implants covered in this text are root form implants. Chapter 2 Generic Root Form Component TerminologyĪn endosteal implant is an alloplastic material surgically inserted into a residual bony ridge, primarily as a prosthodontic foundation.
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